This is the weirdest thing I've ever seen!
If there were a mirror in the back, I'd say it was some kind of lantern, with a candle going in the drawer's hole and the smoke going through the top's hole. But then, why make a drawer for a candle?
About the only thing I can say is that it was meant to display something that required ventilation, but that was not very large (hence the narrow drawer). Now I'm worried it was meant to torment small animals.
Could it have been to show off some kind of chemical reaction? I don't know enough about science, but if a small amount of SOMETHING were added to the drawer, if the drawer were pushed in, and if the SOMETHING then went down the hole into another area, it could interact in some way with a substance in the bottom of the box. The top hole would still provide ventilation for the reaction, or might contain the reaction for a greater show.