I don’t know…If that device is actually a saw vise / bench; it would be a cumbersome task to sharpen a saw blade. Since a file only cuts on the push stroke, you would be trying to work from one side to the other. Any saw vise I've seen always holds the blade parallel to the axis of the bench. Like I said, I don’t know.
I could see it being used as harness makers vise for clamping leather while being stitched, with the surrounding tray holding awls, needles and thread.