In my inexperienced opinion, lol, I'm wondering about your "rug" theory. Take a look at the last set of pics. The canvas is blank around the subject matter. Also there seems to be hand stitching outlining it. Would a rug have areas where there is no stitching? I really dont know as rugs are something I have never taken an interest in. This is a really beautiful piece. The time involved, if it is hand stitched, amazes me! I have done some embroidery, hand worked pieces, and the large items I have worked on are still waiting on me to complete them. Lol! It is so time consuming and tedious.